Pembuatan Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Kalsium Asetat yang Dikalsinasi

Abstract

The issue of environmental awareness and the possible depletion of fossil fuelshave attracted interest to a renewable biofuel, based on oil. Biodiesel defined as themono alkyl esters of fatty acids from vegetable oil and animal fats, neatand`blended with conventional diesel fuel has significant potential as alternativediesel fuel. Biodiesel is usually produced by the tansesterification of vegetable oilor animal fats with methanol. This space reactions is commonly carried out in thepresence of basic catalyst, including of hydroxide of sodium or potassium ashomogenous catalyst. The catalyst dissolve in polar reactions and facilitate thetransesterifications thereby acting as homogenous catalyst. Removal of thesecatalyst are technically difficult, thus increasing operations cost. Therefore thedevelopment of heterogenous catalyst that can eliminate the additional running costassosiated with the homogenous catalyst is highly desired. This research focuseson production of biodiesel from coconut oil using catalyst calcium asetat calcinatedto be calcium oxides. To optimize the productions yields, the catalyst are firstcharacterized by X-ray Diffraction. It is likely that catalyst is heated to removedgases on the surface or calcined at high temperature to attain a certain catalyst. Thevariables in this research are temperature of calcinaton, temperature of reaction,time of reaction, concentration of catalyst, ratio of mol methanol and oil. The yieldof biodiesel is 77,186% having optimum temperature of calcination 900 0C,temperature of reaction 70 0C, time of reaction 120 minute , ratio of mol methanoland coconut oil 6:1 catalyst CaO 1 % . Analysis quality of biodiesel using arange of methods such viscosity of biodiesel 2,72 cSt, acid value 0,282 mgKOH/gr, density 864,7 kg/m3, water content 0,049%, flash point 125 0C. Theresult showed that quality of biodiesel is matched SNI biodiesel. Base on ourresearch it is proved that calcium oxides can be used as catalyst to producebiodiesel.