Efektivitas Sistem Penyerbukan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) pada Berbagai Pola Kemringan Lahan

Abstract

Slope and the direction of the slope have great impact on light interception mainlyin the morning and the afternoon. The light interception by the plant grown in thesloping area may effect growth and yield of certain crops. The objective of thisresearch is to asses the impact of pollination, slope and slope direction on oil palmproduction and to determine the effectivity of natural pollination on fruit set anddevelopment. The field experimental were arranged in a split plot design, wherefive patterns of slope such as 0-4%, 12-24% east-west, 12-24% west-east, 24-38%east-west, and 24-38% west-east were assigned as the main plot and two types ofpollination such as assisted pollination and natural pollination as sub plot. Plantingmaterial from varietas Marihat with year of planting 1996, there were 3 replicationevery combination in 3 slope direction (0-4%, 12-24% TB, 12-24%BT, 24-38%TBand 24-38% BT) with 2 method of pollination that`sway there are 30 palms assample. Polen used for assisted pollination were obtained from the plant grownaccording the slope. Data collected were the number of normal fruit per bunch,number of partenocarphy fruit, fruit weight, kernel weight, fresh bunch weight andthe ratio of fruit to bunch. For natural pollination, the number of fruit set andpartenocarpic fruits were higher in the flat land (slope of 0-4%) while for controlledassisted pollination, the highest number of fruit set and partenocarpic fruits werefound in the slope of 24-345. Fruit and kernel weight increased on the slope of 12-24% compared to those in the flate land. Natural pollination were more effective inthe area with the slope less than 24%, while controlled assisted pollination resultedhigher fruit and kernel weight than that produced through natural pollination.Lower fruit weight in the slope of 24-38% west east produced by plants throughnatural pollination was due to greater number of normal fruits resulted the lesserassimilate partition to the individual fruit.